A personalized tooth and surrounding tissue model for determing orthodontic therapy results

U ovom radu analiziran je personalizirani model zuba s okolnim tkivom prije i nakon ortodontske terapije. U prvom dijelu rada pobliže se upoznaje sami pojam zuba, te stručna terminologija korištena u ostatku rada. Objašnjene su podjele zubi prema periodu nicanja, morfološkim karakteristikama i anatomiji. Spomenuta je i koštana pregradnja koja je uvjet za pomak zuba kod ortodontske terapije. Osim genetskih predispozicija, razni poremećaji uzrokuju nepravilan zagriz. Željeni zagriz omogućuju ortodontske naprave, a postižu ga translacijama, naginjanjima, rotacijama, intruzijama i ekstruzijama zubi. Drugi dio rada posvećen je izradi samog modela zuba sa okolnim tkivom prije i nakon ortodontske terapije. Očitavanjem gustoća te usporedbom njihovih vrijednosti, pretpostavljen je pomak odnosno nagib zuba. Također uslijed promjene gustoće, njezinog pada ili rasta, primijećena je razgradnja, odnosno pregradnja alveolne kosti čime je dokazan proces koštane pregradnje. Kako bi rezultati terapije bili što jasniji, prikazani su u direktnom odnosu te su izmjerene vrijednosti nagiba, pomaka i rotacije zuba. Sama vizualizacija zuba, dovedenih u direktnu vezu, potvrdila je rezultate očitavanja gustoće, a time i donesene pretpostavke. Izračunata je i promjena modula elastičnosti te je prikazano da je ta promjena jednaka promjeni gustoće. Pri analizi korišteni su programi Mimics i 3-Matic.This paper analyzes a personalized tooth model with the surrounding tissue before and after orthodontic therapy. The first part describes the very concept of tooth, and professional terminology used in the rest of the paper. The division of teeth according to the time of appearance, morphological characteristics and anatomy has been explained. Bone remodeling, which is a precondition for orthodontic therapy, is also mentioned. In addition to genetic predispositions, various disorders cause an irregular bite. Orthodontic devices move teeth to their optimal position by using translation, tipping, rotation, intrusion and extrusion. The second part of the paper deals with the process of making the tooth model with the surrounding tissue before and after orthodontic therapy. Densities have been measured before and after orthodontic therapy, their comparison has shown the pattern of teeth movement. Due to the changes in the alveolar bone density, its decline or growth, bone remodeling process has been proven. In order to make the results of the therapy clearer, they are presented in direct relation and the values of tipping, displacement and rotation have been measured. The visualization of the teeth models, brought to direct connection, confirmed the results of the density measuring and the assumptions that have been made. The change in the elasticity module has been calculated and it is shown that it equals the change in density. Programs Mimics and 3-Matic have been used in the analysis for this paper