Impact of soil tillage on yield and energy efficiency of rapeseed production

Budući da se osnovna obrada i priprema tla za sjetvu uljane repice obavljaju u sušnom razdoblju godine, vrlo je važno odabrati pravilan način obrade tla za svako područje, odnosno tip tla. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj načina obrade tla na prinos, sastavnice prinosa i energetsku učinkovitost proizvodnje uljane repice u agroekološkim uvjetima Podravine. U istraživanje su bile uključene dvije varijante obrade tla za uljanu repicu: 1) konvencionalna obrada - plug, rotodrljača, integrirani agregat rotodrljača + sijačica; 2) reducirana obrada - rovilo, integrirani agregat rotodrljača + sijačica. Istraživanje je provedeno na lesiviranom tlu na pijescima 2017./2018. godine na parceli ukupne površine 3.5 ha. Na jednoj polovici obavljena je konvencionalna obrada tla (1.75 ha), a na drugoj polovici parcele (1.75 ha) reducirana obrada tla. Na svakoj varijanti obrade tla obavljena je žetva uljane repice u tri ponavljanja i uzeti su uzorci biljaka, također u tri ponavljanja. Za sve radne operacije obrade tla korišten je traktor Fendt 716 Vario snage motora 118 kW s pogonom na sva četiri kotača. Prilikom svih radnih operacija mjerena je potrošnja goriva volumetrijskom metodom te je izračunat utrošak energije. Način obrade tla nije imao značajan utjecaj na prinos sjemena, udio ulja u sjemenu i prinos ulja. Također, način obrade tla nije imao značajan utjecaj na morfološka svojstva i sastavnice prinosa uljane repice. Reduciranom obradom tla ostvarena je ušteda energije od 387 MJ/ha, odnosno smanjen je utrošak goriva za 10 l/ha. Stoga je reducirani način obrade tla ekološki prihvatljiviji zbog manje emisije CO2. Isplativiji je i s ekonomskog stajališta, jer je u usporedbi s konvencionalnim, ostvaren veći ukupni prihod za 336,90 kn/ha, odnosno 4,08 %.Considering that basic tillage and soil preparation for the sowing of rapeseed is conducted during dry season, it is very important to choose the correct method of tillage for each area or soil type. This research aimed to determine the impact of soil tillage on yield, yield components and energy efficiency of rapeseed production under agro-ecological conditions of Podravina region. The study included two types of tillage for rapeseed: 1) conventional tillage - plow, rotary harrow, integrated rotary harrow unit + sowing machine, 2) reduced tillage - saw blade, integrated rotary harrow unit + sowing machine. The study was carried out on leached soil on the sands in year 2017/2018. on a plot with a total surface area of 3.5 ha. Conventional tillage was carried out on one half of the plot (1.75 ha), and reduced tillage on the other half (1.75 ha). On each variant of tillage, the rapeseed was harvested in three replicates and plant samples were taken, also in three replicates. The Fendt 716 Vario 118 kW all-wheel-drive tractor was used for all working tillage operations. During all work operations, fuel consumption was measured by volumetric method and energy consumption was subsequently calculated. The method of tillage did not have a significant effect on seed yield, oil content in seed and oil yield. Also, the soil tillage method had no significant effect on the morphological characteristics and yield components of rapeseed. Reduced tillage resulted in energy savings of 387 MJ/ha, i.e. reduced fuel consumption by 10 l/ha. Therefore, reduced tillage is more environmentally friendly due to lower CO2 emissions. From an economic point of view, a reduced cost of tillage is more profitable, as compared to conventional soil, because a higher total income of 336,90 kn/ha, thatis 4,08 %, has been achieved