Predictors of self-stigmatization in patients with schizophrenia

Uz shizofreniju se vežu razna vjerovanja koja su najčešće povezana s negativnim obilježavanjem, a nazivamo ih stigma. Neka od krivih vjerovanja su kako shizofrenija neizlječiva i opasna te da su oboljeli agresivni, nesposobni za život, donošenje odluka i rad. Mnogi oboljeli od shizofrenije prihvaćaju stigmatizirajuće stavove društva kao osobno relevantne što dovodi do procesa samostigmatizacije koji ih sprječava u stvaranju kontakata s osobama u okolini, potiče osjećaje srama, bespomoćnosti i krivnje te sprječava njihov napredak. Istraživanja potvrđuju kako oboljeli koji imaju dobru socijalnu podršku imaju bolju prognozu bolesti te da oni s nižom socijalnom podrškom pokazuju višu samostigmatizaciju. Istraživanja su pokazala da uvid također može biti povezan s razinom samostigmatizacije tako da je viši uvid povezan s višom samostigmatizacijom, višom otuđenošću, višim prihvaćanjem stereotipa, višim iskustvom diskriminacije i višim socijalnim povlačenjem. U dostupnoj literaturi se do sada nisu zajedno proučavali socijalna podrška, uvid i samostigmatizacija na uzorku oboljelih od shizofrenije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati prediktivni doprinos socijalne podrške i uvida samostigmatizaciji te njezinim dimenzijama kod oboljelih od shizofrenije. Ovo jednokratno korelacijsko istraživanje provedeno je na 74 osobe s dijagnozom shizofrenije. Sudionici su tehnikom papir-olovka ispunili Skalu samostigmatizacije, Skalu socijalne podrške, Skalu uvida i Upitnik općih podataka. Hijerarhijske regresijske analize pokazale su kako socijalna podrška i uvid imaju statistički značajan doprinos samostigmatizaciji te nekim njezinim dimenzijama kod oboljelih od shizofrenije. Niža socijalna podrška i viši uvid predviđaju višu samostigmatizaciju, višu otuđenost, više prihvaćanje stereotipa te više socijalno povlačenje. Niža socijalna podrška predviđa više iskustvo diskriminacije, a viša socijalna podrška, ženski spol, viši stupanj obrazovanja te liječenje pet godina i više predviđaju viši otpor stigmi.Schizophrenia is associated with various beliefs that are most often associated with negative labeling, called stigma. Some of the wrong beliefs are that schizophrenia is incurable and dangerous and that patients are aggressive, incapable of life, decision making and work. Many patients with schizophrenia accept the stigmatizing attitudes of the society as personally relevant, leading to the process of self-stigmatization, which prevents them from getting in touch with people, encouraging feelings of shame, helplessness and guilt and prevents their progress. Studies confirm that patients with good social support have better prognosis for the disease and that those with lower social support show higher self-stigmatization. Studies have shown that insight can also be related to the level of self-stigmatization. Higher insight is associated with higher self-stigmatization, higher alienation, higher stereotype endorsement, higher discrimination experience and higher social withdrawal. In the available literature they have not studied together social support, insight and self-stigmatization on a sample of patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive contribution of the social support and insight for self-stigmatization and its dimensions of patients with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 patients with schizophrenia. The participants completed the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Scales of Perceived Social Support, A self‐report Insight Scale for psychosis and General Data Questionnaire, by the paper-pencil technique. Hierarchical regression analyses have shown that social support and insight have a statistically significant contribution to self-stigmatization and some of its dimensions in patients with schizophrenia. Lower social support and higher insight predict higher self-stigmatization, higher alienation, higher stereotype endorsement and higher social withdrawal. Lower social support predicts higher discrimination experience, and higher social support, female gender, higher level of education and treatment for five years and more predict higher stigma resistance