Fire safety of multi-storey building facades

U ovome radu pregledom i analizom dostupne literature obrađena je tema zaštite od požara fasada kod višekatnih zgrada. Zahtjev za poboljšavanjem energetske učinkovitosti zgrada doveo je do povećanja debljine sloja toplinske izolacije koji se primjenjuje na zgradama. Međutim, ti materijali često su gorivi i doprinose brzom širenju požara i povećanju ukupnog požarnog opterećenja. U radu su prikazani fasadni sustavi s gorivim komponentama. Uzevši u obzir trenutno stanje tržišta, navedeni su i objašnjeni toplinsko-izolacijski materijali koji se najčešće koriste i njihova svojstva. Definirani su mehanizmi širenja požara po fasadama i analizirani stvarni primjeri požara višekatnih zgrada. Na kraju, prikazane su odabrane ispitne metode za dokazivanje otpornosti fasada na požar iz regulativa članica Europske unije. S obzirom na činjenicu da zaštita od požara fasada (pa tako i kod višekatnih zgrada) nije još univerzalno regulirana, predstavljen je i prijedlog nove europske norme čiji je cilj pokazati najrealnije ponašanje fasade u požaru. Na kraju, dan je pregled hrvatske regulative i opći zaključak.In this thesis, review and analysis of available literature have been done to address the topic of fire protection of facades in multi-storey buildings. The requirement to improve the energy performance of buildings has led to an increase in the thickness of the thermal insulation layer applied to buildings. However, these materials are often combustible and contribute to the rapid spread of fire and increase in total fire load. The thesis presents façade systems with combustible components. Considering the current state of the market, the most commonly used thermal insulation materials and their properties are listed and explained. Mechanisms of fire propagation across facades were defined and actual examples of multi-storey building fires were analysed. Finally, the selected test methods for proving the fire resistance of the facades from the regulations of the EU Member States are presented. Considering the fact that the fire safety of facades (even with multi-storey buildings) is not yet universally regulated, a proposal for a new European standard was presented, which aims to show the most realistic behaviour of a façade in a fire. Finally, an overview of Croatian regulations and a general conclusion are given