Synergy between energy efficiency and fire safety of facades

Radi poboljšanja energetske učinkovitosti, u fasadnim sustavima zgrada se ugrađuju deblji slojevi toplinsko-izolacijskih materijala, koji u slučaju požara mogu znatno doprinijeti širenju požara po fasadi zgrade. Kada se koriste gorivi toplinsko-izolacijski materijali u fasadnim sustavima (posebno ETICS sustavima) za određene skupine zgrada zahtjeva se ugradnja pojaseva (barijera) od negorivih materijala. Spomenuti pojasevi će, u slučaju požara, usporiti njegov razvoj do vatrogasne intervencije i gašenja. U prvom dijelu rada su analizirani zahtjevi za ETICS sustave s aspekta sastava i toplinsko-izolacijskih materijala koji se u njima koriste. U drugom dijelu rada, na dva konkretna primjera energetske obnove stambenih zgrada, analiziran je ekonomski aspekt ugradnje gorivog (ekspandiranog polistirena) toplinsko-izolacijskog materijala s pojasevima od negorivog (mineralne vune) materijala u odnosu na ugradnju isključivo negorivog (mineralne vune) materijala u ETICS fasadi. U oba slučaja, ciljana vrijednost koeficijenta prolaska topline U = 0,3 W/m2K.To improve the energy efficiency of buildings, thicker layers of thermal insulation materials are installed in the façade systems, which can significantly contribute to the spread of fires across the façade in the case of fire. When combustible thermal insulation materials are used in façade systems (especially ETICS systems) for certain groups of buildings, the installation of belts (barriers) of non-combustible materials is required. These belts will, in the event of a fire, slow down its development until fire intervention and extinguishing. The first part of the paper analyzes the requirements for ETICS systems in terms of the composition and thermal insulation materials used. In the second part of the paper, on two particular examples of energy renovation of residential buildings, the economic aspect of the installation of combustible (expanded polystyrene) thermal insulation material with belts of non-combustible (mineral wool) material in relation to the installation of exclusively non-combustible (mineral wool) material into ETICS are analysed. In both cases, the target value of the heat transmittance was U = 0.3 W/m2K