Self-consumption and self-sufficiency for household solar producers when introducing an electric vehicle

The aim of this study was to analyse how electric vehicles (EVs) affect the levels of electricity self-consumption and self-sufficiency in households that have in-house electricity generation from solar photovoltaics (PV). A model of the household electricity system was developed, in which real-time measurements of household electricity consumption and vehicle driving, together with modelled PV generation were used as inputs. The results show that using an EV for storage of in-house-generated PV electricity has the potential to achieve the same levels of self-consumption and self-sufficiency for households as could be obtained using a stationary battery. As an example, the level of self-sufficiency (21.4%) obtained for the households, with a median installed PV capacity of 8.7 kWp, was the same with an EV as with a stationary battery with a median capacity of 2.9 kWh. However, substantial variations (up to 50% points) were noted between households, primarily reflecting driving profiles