Technological characteristic of ships for carriage of chemical products

Brodovi za prijevoz kemikalija vrlo su posebni tipovi brodova zbog njihove kompleksne građe, ali i svojstva samih tereta. Tereti koji se najčešće prevoze su eksplozivni, toksični i nagrizajući poput metanola, kaustične sode, octene i sumporne kiseline. Iz tog se razloga mnogo pažnje obraća na tankove tereta i njihovu sposobnost da sačuvaju čistoću i integritet tereta. Slijedom toga brodovi za prijevoz kemikalija su kategorizirani prema opasnosti tereta kojeg prevoze u tri kategorije odnosno tipa broda. Postoje i posebna pravila za gradnju ovakvih tipova brodova, a osnovni su NAS i GESAMP sistem. Budući da se ovim brodovima prevoze opasni tereti, na njima su i posebni sustavi za rukovanje tim teretima, pa su tako posebne i operacije prilikom ukrcaja i iskrcaja, odnosno rukovanje takvim teretom. Za razliku od ostalih vrsta brodova, prije ukrcaja te nakon iskrcaja tereta postoje i određene procedure koje se moraju provoditi u svrhu očuvanja čistoće tankova i samih tereta, ali i u svrhu sigurnosti broda, posade i okoliša. Fokus ovog rada jesu tehnologije koje nam sve to omogućavaju te prikazati cijelu složenost operacija i postupaka prilikom obavljanja prijevoza.Chemical tankers are quite the specific tankers because of their complex structure, but the cargo properties aswell. The cargo they carry are often explosive, toxic and corrosive such as methanol, sulfuric acid, caustic soda and acetic acid.. Precisely for this reason, much attention is paid to the cargo tanks and their ability to preserve the purity and integrity of the cargo. Consequently chemical tankers are categorized into three categories depending on the cargo danger level. Specific rules are in effect for the construction of such ships, basic ones being NAS and GESAMP system. Considering these tankers carry dangerous cargo, they include special systems needed to handle cargo, which in turn make the cargo handling operations specific aswell. Unlike other types of vessels, before loading and after unloading there are procedures which shall be enforced with the intent of preserving the tanks purity and the cargo itself, all with the goal of maintaining ship, environment and crew safety. Focus of this bachelor thesis is the technologies on board which make all of it happen and to put the complexity of handling and procedures in perspective