The expression of proteoglycan syndecan-1 in tissues of patients with advanced periodontitis stages 3 and 4

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio opisati i usporediti obrasce izražaja Sdk1 te njihovu povezanost sa strukturnim promjenama u građi parodontnog tkiva i prisustvom upalnog infiltrata na uzorcima gingive zdravih ispitanika i onih kojima je dijagnosticiran uznapredovali generalizirani parodontitis. Materijali i metode: U svrhu istraživanja uzeto je po 20 uzoraka gingive od zdravih ispitanika (kontrolna grupa) i od ispitanika oboljelih od uznapredovalog generaliziranog parodontitisa stadija 3 i 4 (ispitna grupa). Uzorci gingive su obrađeni za imunohistokemijsko bojenje. Pravilna orijentacija histoloških rezova uzoraka i očuvanost tkiva provjerena je H/E bojenjem. Za imunofluorescenciju korištena su primarna protutijela na Sdk1 i opći upalni biljeg CD45 kojim se vizualizirala prisutnost upalnog infiltrata. Izrađene su panoramske slike preparata na kojima je računalno obavljena kvantifikaciranje histomorfometrijskih parametara gingive, te površine izražajnih domena i prostornih gradijenata intenziteta Sdk1 i CD45 pomoću programa AdobePhotoshop® CC i ImageJ za obradu slika. Za statističku analizu podataka korišteni su Microsof Office Excel® 2016 (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA) i GraphPad v8 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). Rezultati: Postoji statistički značajna razlika u izražaju Sdk1 u gingivi zdravih ispitanika i gingivi ispitanika sa uznapredovalim generaliziranim parodontitisom. Izražaj Sdk1 je pozitivno korelirao s prisutnošću upalnog infiltrata u subepitelnoj stromi gingive oboljelih od uznapredovalog generaliziranog parodontitisa. Također, prikazana je i pozitivna korelacija izražaja Sdk1 sa promjenama u obrascima ukupne celularnosti u tkivu gingive kod oboljelih od uznapredovalog generaliziranog parodontitisa. Zaključak: Sdk1 može imati pro-upalnu ulogu u regulaciji upalnog odgovora kod oboljelih od uznapredovalog generaliziranog parodontitisa. S obzirom da je Sdk1 općenito uključen u regulaciju različitih aspekata upalnog odgovora, moduliranje aktivnosti Sdk1 se u budućnosti može iskoristiti za liječenje generaliziranog parodontitisa, iako je za opravdanost ovog pristupa potrebno provesti daljnja istraživanja o ulozi Sdk1 u patogenezi ove bolesti.Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine if the cell surface HSPG Sdk1 could be considered as a putative regulator of inflammatory response in advanced generalized periodontitis by analysis of Sdk1 expression patterns in healthy and diseased gingiva. Material and Methods: For this study, the samples of gingiva from healthy participants (controls; n = 20) and participants with advanced generalized periodontitis (test group; n = 20) were obtained and processed for immunohistochemistry. Proper orientation and preservation of gingival tissue sections were confirmed by H/E staining. Primary antibodies against Sdk1 and CD45 (general inflammatory cell marker) were applied for immunofluorescence staining. Quantification of histomophometric parameters and immunofluorescence staining was performed on high-resolution panoramic images of histological sections of gingival tissue using AdobePhotoshop® CC and ImageJ software. For the statistical analysis of data, Microsof Office Excel® 2016 (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA) and GraphPad v8 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) were used. Results: The expression of Sdk1 in samples of gingiva from healthy participants and those with advanced generalized periodontitis displayed statistically significant difference. The expression of Sdk1 was positively correlated with the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in subepitehlial stroma of gingiva from participants with advanced generalized periodontitis. Furthermore, the expression of Sdk1 was positively correlated with structural tissue changes related to perturbations of celularity in gingiva from participants with advanced generalized periodontitis. Conclusion: Sdk1 might act as a pro-inflammatory factor for regulation of inflammatory response in advanced generalized periodontitis. With regard to previously described regulatory roles of Sdk1 in many aspects of inflammatory response, modulation of Sdk1 activity could be utilized in the future as an alternative approach for treatment of generalized periodontitis. However, further studies are still needed in order to disclose the precise involvement of Sdk1 in pathogenesis of generalized periodontiti