Razine učenja biotičkih motoričkih znanja za savladavanje prepreka kod djece rane i predškolske dobi

Razdoblje djetinjstva po mnogočemu je kompleksno jer sadržajno obuhvaća širok spektar znanja koja se u toj dobi usvajaju i usavršavaju. Biotička motorička znanja preduvjet su za optimalni rast i razvoj svakog pojedinca, a pravovremenim usvajanjem motoričkih znanja i sposobnosti utječe se na kvalitetu življenja u odrasloj dobi. Ovo istraživanje provedeno je s ciljem utvrđivanja razina učenja biotičkih motoričkih znanja za savladavanje prepreka kod djece rane i predškolske dobi uz utvrđivanja postojećih značajnih razlika s obzirom na dob i spol ispitanika te s obzirom na njihovu uključenost u odgojno-obrazovni program obogaćen sportskim sadržajima. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 110 ispitanika rane i predškolske dobi od čega je 59 dječaka i 51 djevojčica. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, njih 79 uključeno je u sportske programe. Za potrebe istraživanja konstruiran je poligon biotičkih motoričkih znanja za savladavanje prepreka koji je proveden s djecom ispitanicima uz preostalih 10 testova za procjenu antropološkog statusa djece. Istraživanje je provedeno u šest odgojno-obrazovnih skupina Dječjeg vrtića „Rijeka“, točnije u DV „Mavrica“ i DV „Drenova“. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na izostanak statistički značajne razlike među ispitanicima muškoga i ženskoga spola. Također, statističkom obradom isključena je značajna razlika s obzirom na uključenost ispitanika u sportski program, izuzev testa poligona biotičkih motoričkih znanja za savladavanje prepreka u kojemu djeca uključena u sportski program pokazuju veću uspješnost i lakoću pri rješavanju motoričkih zadataka. Statistički značajna razlika vidljiva je u razlikama prema dobnim skupinama ispitanika koja ukazuje na povezanost uspješnosti ispitanika i njihove starosne dobi, pri čemu su oni proporcionalno povezani. Veća uspješnost i razina učenja biotičkih motoričkih znanja prisutna je kod djece starije dobi. Istraživanje ukazuje na važnost primjene kinezioloških aktivnosti od djetetove najranije dobi, čime se znatno pridonosi optimalnom rastu i razvoju pojedinca i utječe na kvalitetu života.The period of childhood is complex in many aspects especially for a wide range of knowledge that is adopted and improved in that era of life. Biotic motor skills are a prerequisite for the optimal growth and development of each individual, and the adoption of motor skills and abilities affects the quality of life in adulthood. The main purpose of this research is to determine the levels of learning biotic motor skills for overcoming obstacles in early and pre-school children, while identifying significant differences considering the age and gender of the respondents, and considering their inclusion in the educational program enriched with sports facilities. The study was conducted on a sample of 110 early and pre-school subjects, of which 59 were boys and 51 were girls. Of the total number of respondents, 79 were included in sports programs. For the purpose of this research, polygon of biotic motor knowledge for overcoming obstacles was developed. It was conducted among the children respondents with the remaining 10 tests to assess the anthropological status of the children. The research was conducted in six educational groups of the Kindergarten “Rijeka”; “Mavrica” and “Drenova” kindergarten. The results of the study indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between male and female respondents. Also, the statistical analysis eliminates a significant difference in regard to the subjects' involvement in the sports program, except for the biotic motor skills polygon test for overcoming obstacles in which children involved in the sports program show greater success and ease in solving motor tasks. A statistically significant difference is evident in the differences between the age groups of the respondents, which indicates the correlation between the respondents' performance and their age, where they are proportionally related. Higher performance and learning levels of biotic motor skills are present in older children. The research points to the importance of using kinesiological activities from a child's earliest age, which significantly contributes to the optimal growth and development of the individual and affects the quality of life