Adaptive systems of controlling

Sustav adaptivnog upravljanja može se definirati kao upravljački sustav povratne veze dovoljno inteligentan da prilagodi svoje karakteristike u promjenjivom okruženju, tako da su zadovoljeni neki specificirani kriteriji. Općenito govoreći, metode prilagodljivog upravljanja su uglavnom prikladne za (a) mehaničke sustave koji nemaju značajna vremenska kašnjenja; i (b) sustavi koji su dizajnirani tako da je njihova dinamika dobro razumljiva. Adaptivne metode kontrole, bilo modelske reference ili samopodešavanja, obično zahtijevaju neku vrstu identifikacije dinamike procesa. To pridonosi brojnim temeljnim problemima kao što su (a) potrebna količina offline obuke, (b) kompromis između trajne pobude signala za ispravnu identifikaciju i stalni sustavni odgovor za kontrolne performanse, (c) pretpostavka procesne strukture i (d) pitanja konvergencije modela i stabilnosti sustava u stvarnim primjenama. Osim toga, tradicionalne metode adaptivnog upravljanja pretpostavljaju poznavanje strukture procesa. Oni imaju velike poteškoće u bavljenju nelinearnim, strukturalno-varijantnim ili velikim procesima vremenskih ograničenja.An adaptive control system can be defined as a control system intelligent enough to adjust its characteristics in a changing environment so that some specified criteria are satisfied. Generally speaking, adaptive control methods are mainly suitable for (a) mechanical systems that do not have significant time delays; and (b) systems that have been designed so that their dynamics are well understood. Adaptive control methods, either model reference or self-tuning, usually require some kind of identification of the process dynamics. This contributes to a number of fundamental problems such as (a) the amount of offline training required, (b) the trade-off between the persistent excitation of signals for correct identification and the steady system response for control performance, (c) the assumption of the process structure, and (d) the model convergence and system stability issues in real applications. In addition, traditional adaptive control methods assume knowledge of the process structure. They have major difficulties in dealing with nonlinear, structure-variant, or with large time delays processes