Factors associated with teenage pregnancy: case control study

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with teenage pregnancy and their perinatal outcomes in a hospital in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study conducted with postpartum women of the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital in Tubarão / SC, Brazil, from May to June 2019. Forty-one adolescents (cases) and 123 women (controls) were included, with a ratio of 1: 3. The data collection protocol consisted of sociodemographic, gynecological, gestational and obstetric variables; in addition to characteristics associated with breastfeeding and variables regarding the newborn. RESULTS: There was an association between the average family income and teenage pregnancy (p <0.001), as well as the variables: single marital status (OR = 5.86; 95% CI = 2.35-4.61); less than eight years of schooling (OR = 3.55; 95% CI = 1.66-7.59); first sexual intercourse younger than 15 years (OR = 6.52; 95% CI = 2.70-15.24); primiparous (OR = 7.38; 95% CI = 3.22-6.92); number of prenatal consultations less than six (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.09-8.82). Being an adult was a risk factor for cesarean delivery (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.54-6.78). There was a low rate of breastfeeding guidance in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among the main factors associated with teenage pregnancy were low education, lower socioeconomic status, unplanned pregnancy, early onset of sexual life and inadequate prenatal care. Being a teenager proved to be a protective factor for natural birth. Keywords: pregnancy, adolescence, newborn, contraception, breast feedingOBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à gravidez na adolescência e seus desfechos perinatais em um hospital do Sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle realizado com puérperas do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição em Tubarão/SC no período de maio e junho de 2019. Foram incluídas 41 adolescentes (casos) e 123 mulheres (controles), sendo a proporção 1:3. O protocolo de coleta de dados foi composto por variáveis sociodemográficas, ginecológicas, gestacionais e obstétricas; além de características associadas ao aleitamento materno e variáveis acerca do recém-nascido. RESULTADOS: Houve associação entre a média da renda familiar e gravidez na adolescência (p<0,001), bem como as variáveis: estado civil solteira (OR=5,86; IC95%=2,35-4,61;p<0,001); escolaridade inferior a oito anos (OR=3,55; IC95%=1,66-7,59 p=0,001); coitarca menor que 15 anos (OR=6,52; IC95%=2,70-15,24; p<0,001); primípara (OR=7,38;IC95%=3,22-6,92;p