Computational prognostic indicators for breast cancer

Xinan Yang,1 Xindi Ai,2 John M Cunningham1 1Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Department of Biological Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Comprehensive genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies are emerging that offer an opportunity to model disease biology, prognosis, and response to specific therapies. Although many biomarkers have been identified through advances in data mining techniques, few have been applied broadly to make patient-specific decisions. Here, we review a selection of breast cancer prognostic indicators and their implications. Our goal is to provide clinicians with a general evaluation of emerging computational methodologies for outcome prediction. Keywords: computational model, precision prognosis, tumo