Examining the benefits of demand reduction policies for electricity. ESRI Research Bulletin, 2018/03

Many governments have adopted policies that provide incentives to increase the amount of electricity generated from clean and renewable sources. However, the availability of such sources, e.g., solar or wind energy, is unpredictable and varies throughout the day and seasons. To account for this variability electricity systems need to become more flexible, i.e., there must be measures in place to ensure that demand and supply are balanced when renewable sources are not available