Whilst the role of groundwater discharge and porewater fluxes (recirculation) as important pathways for nutrient delivery to coastal systems is increasingly being recognized, there remains limited evidence of its “downstream” ecological implications. This thesis aims at investigating the ecological role that groundwater flows play in some aspects of the functioning and vulnerability of coastal lagoonal ecosystems. Two contrasting lagoons on the French Mediterranean coastline were studied (La Palme and Salses-Leucate lagoons). Firstly, using concurrent water and radon mass balances, a comparison between the main nutrient sources for La Palme lagoon (karstic groundwater, recirculation, diffusion from sediments, inputs from a sewage treatment...