Konvektiver Feuchteeintrag in Leichtbaukonstruktionen: Leckagearten, Tauwasserverteilung und Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis

Compared to the overall building envelope airtightness concerning energetic aspects, the condensation caused by air exfiltration through small remaining leakages is still a challenge today. Convective moisture entry in lightweight assemblies can lead to increased moisture contents and cause massive structural damages even if the leakages are negligible from the energetic point of view. For a better understanding of the processes inside lightweight constructions, hot- and cold-box experiments and airflow measurements on 14 different full-scale wall assemblies under realistic climatic conditions were performed. The influences of different mineral wool densities and leak configurations, as well as different pressure differences were analyzed to draw conclusions for the practice. The results show some interesting aspects about the influencing factors of the convective moisture entry. The distributions of the water content between sheathing and insulation samples show that the main influencing factor is the mineral wool density. Moreover, the findings indicate that the moisture distribution over the height of the sheathing is more influenced by the pressure difference level than by insulation air permeability or arrangements of the small openings. For the tested configurations, a lateral flow due to openings near the posts shows the highest air flow rates and therefore moisture content inside the assemblies. These boundary flow can lead to increased moisture contents in posts or rafters. In addition differences in the flow behavior associated with the leak arrangements could clearly are detected. However, another important finding of these experiments is that, despite good workmanship, a remarkable amount of air and moisture seams to penetrate the sealing tape joints