Economic Crime in Slovenia and the Successfulness of its Prosecution

Mejo med dopustnim in nedopustnim ravnanjem ter vedenjem določajo vnaprej postavljene vrednote, pravila ter zavest ljudi, da morajo ob izvršitvi kaznivih dejanj kazensko in moralno odgovarjati. Zaradi posledic, ki so pogosto nevidne, je obravnava in preiskovanje gospodarskega kriminala še težja, zato je smiselno proučiti dejavnike in vzroke nastanka gospodarskih kaznivih dejanj. Zaradi svoje kompleksnosti je gospodarski kriminal oblika kriminala, kjer je s kaznivimi dejanji pri gospodarskem poslovanju ogroženo premoženje ali druge dobrine v lasti gospodarskih subjektov, države ali družbene skupnosti, prav tako pa se pojavlja nevarnost v delovanju celotne družbe, ki posledično ustvarja neenakost in razslojevanje v družbi. Za uspešno obravnavo in pregon gospodarskega kriminala je potrebno dobro obvladovanje tveganj, za kar skrbijo notranji in zunanji organi revizije ter druge oblike nadzora. Uspešnost države pri pregonu in obvladovanju problematike gospodarskega kriminala je odvisna od medsebojnega sodelovanja in konsistentnosti pristojnih organov. Glede na to, da je gospodarski kriminal pojav gospodarskega, družbenega in tehnološkega razvoja, morajo stroka in znanost zaznati okolje in dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pojav novih oblik gospodarskega kriminala, povezati institucije ter strateško postaviti cilje. Glavni strateški cilj, na katerega so osredotočene vse institucije pregona, je vsekakor izogib in zmanjšanje pojava gospodarskega kriminala, bodisi pri fizičnih osebah bodisi pri pravnih. Po preučevanem je moč trditi, da gospodarsko kriminaliteto v večini izvršujejo ljudje, ki so nadpovprečno razgledani, imajo podrobno strokovno znanje s področja delovne zakonodaje in obvladajo druge predpise. Za uspešen pregon gospodarskega kriminala bomo predstavili analizo gospodarskih kaznivih dejanj za obdobje 2013–2017 in podrobneje predstavili gospodarski kaznivi dejanji poslovne goljufije in pranja denarja ter organe pregona gospodarskega kriminala, kar nam bo dalo izsledke pri nadaljnji obravnavi in še uspešnejšem pregonu gospodarskega kriminala v Sloveniji.The line between acceptable and unacceptable conduct and behavior is determined by preset values, rules, and the awareness of people that they are criminally liable and morally accountable when they commit a criminal offense. Because of the consequences which are invisible on many occasions, dealing with and investigating economic crime is even more demanding. Therefore, it makes sense to study the factors and the reasons for the emergence of economic criminal offenses. Because of its complexity, the economic crime is a form of crime where property or other goods in the ownership of economic subjects, government or social community are threatened because of criminal offenses in the economic conduct of business. At the same time, a danger occurs in the functioning of the entire society which consequently creates inequality and stratification in the society. For successful dealing with and law enforcement regarding economic crime, it is necessary to manage risks well for which internal and external bodies of audit and other types of control are responsible. Successfulness of the government in law enforcement and tackling the issues of the economic crime depends on mutual cooperation and consistency of the designated bodies. With regards to that that economic crime is a phenomenon of economic, social, and technological development, the profession and the science have to detect the environment and the factors which influence the emergence of new forms of economic crime and to connect institutions and set the goal strategically. The main strategic goal on which all the institutions of law enforcement are focused is definitely an avoidance and reducing the phenomenon of economic crime in natural persons and legal entities. In the case of the studied matter, it is possible to say that economic crime is mostly committed by people who are proficient above the average and have a thorough professional knowledge in the fields of labor legislation and know other regulations well. With the purpose of successful law enforcement regarding economic crime, we will present the analysis of economic crime offenses for the period of 2013-2017 and, in more detail, present the criminal offenses of commercial fraud and money laundering, as well as the prosecuting authorities against the economic crime which will give us the results in further dealing with and even more successful law enforcement against the economic crime in Slovenia