State - Based Institutions and the Innovation Activity of Firms

Odnos med državo in trgom je eden izmed temeljnih problemov razvoja ekonomske misli. Vprašanja o optimalnem poseganju države na trg smo v nalogi predstavili prek razmišljanj najvplivnejših ekonomskih šol in mislecev, vse od merkantilistov pa do pripadnikov institucionalizma. Prek različnih pogledov in idej smo analizirali odnose države do tržnih nepopolnosti, kot so problem nezadostne konkurence, eksternalij in javnih dobrin, ki pa si nasprotujejo. Tako opredeljujemo argumente zagovornikov glavnega toka ekonomske misli o državi, ki popravlja tržne napake, skrbi za ustrezno raven konkurence, kot tudi argumente liberalne strani, naj se država v delovanje trga ne vtika. Osredotočili smo se zlasti na vprašanje inovacij, njihovo financiranje in do katere mere naj država posega na to področje. Predstavili smo povezavo med najodmevnejšimi tehnološkimi prodori in javnim financiranjem, nato pa tudi poziv, da je zavoljo perečih globalnih problemov in izzivov prihodnosti nujno povečanje vloge države ne le pri financiranju obstoječih, temveč tudi ustvarjanju novih trgov.The relationship between the state and the market has been a core question in the history of economic thought. We have presented the theme of optimal state interference on market affairs through several influencing schools of economic thought and their most recognizable members, beginning with mercantilism all the way to institutionalism. Through various views and ideas we have analyzed ties of the state to market imperfections, such as insufficient competition, externalities and public goods, recognizing differences in opinions. As a result we define the arguments of mainstream economics about the role of the state, whose role is to fix market failures and protect a desirable level of competition, as well as the liberal arguments, which suggest market to be left to itself. We have focused on the question regarding innovations, the ways of financing them and to what degree should the state intervene in this area. We have also presented the connection between the most famous technological breakthroughs and public financing, following with the call that the state should not only finance existing markets, but, in order to combat ever-growing global problems and challenges of the future, should also consider creating new ones