Reka bentuk model integriti akademik berasaskan penghayatan rohani / Ramlan Mustapha

This study aimed at developing a model of academic integrity based on spiritual appreciation in the context of Muslim students in Malaysia. This study employed the Design and Development Research approach (DDR) pioneered by Richey and Klein (2007) in model development study. The objectives of this study were to review the needs of the academic integrity model development, develop a model of academic integrity based on spiritual appreciation and evaluate usability of the developed model. Development of this model was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991) combined with the Theory of Reasoned Action by Ajzen and Fishbein (1975) and the Dual Process Model by Sierra and Hyman (2006), while the religious aspect based on the Values Theory of Imam Al-Ghazali. The first phase of this study, including needs analysis phase which involves the use of a questionnaire conducted on 380 students at public universities to obtain information on academic dishonesty, while unstructured interviews with five experts were also conducted to gain insights and expert agreement to the rationalization of the model development. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics using IBM Statistical Packages For The Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. While the analysis of expert interviews were analyzed based on predefined themes. The second phase of the study included the development phase using Fuzzy Delphi method. This phase involved the views of 12 experts in various fields, especially Islamic Education. The assessment based on responses to an expert questionnaire consisting of 7 linguistic Likert scale. The final phase of the study was the model evaluation phase. This phase involved administering a questionnaire (survey) to 480 students of public universities and analyzing the data using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling). The overall findings of the first phase indicated that the level of academic dishonesty is high with 62% of the students admitting having committed academic dishonesty. While the expert interviews also revealed that all experts agreed with the spiritual aspects and the need to build the model. The findings of the second phase of the model development showed all members of the expert panel reached agreement and consensus. The results showed that all model constructs reached expert consensus, which is over 75% agreement, with the value of "d" less than 0.2 and defuzzication (Amax) exceeding > 0.5 as specified. This finding shows there is good agreement among the expert panel in developing the model items. The findings of the third phase showed that the factor analysis (CFA), (convergent and discriminant) beyond the stipulated threshold value in which the AVE (average variance extracted) exceeded 0.5, composite reliability exceeded 0.7 and the individual loading exceeded 0.7. Finally, the results of hypothesis testing showed that religiosity, spiritual intelligence, attitude and perceived behavior control show significant relationship with intention to commit academic dishonesty, meanwhile subjective norms were found to have insignificant relationship with intention to commit academic dishonesty. The findings also showed that the phase of the developed model can explain the academic dishonesty phenomenon and appreciation of spirituality context influenced the Muslim students with a recorded value of R2 = 0.673 and met the criteria of reliability and validity of the prediction. The implication of the study proposes that the academic integrity model is capable of describing the phenomenon of spiritual appreciation that affects academic integrity within the scope of higher education in Malaysia