The effect of vitamin d supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and health-related quality of life among urban vitamin d deficient premenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial / Mazliza Ramly

Recent evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolaemia, along with its pivotal role in musculoskeletal diseases. However, there remains a lack of randomised controlled trials required to establish causality between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim is to determine whether Vitamin D supplementation in urban premenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency could improve cardiometabolic risk factors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 192 premenopausal women were randomly selected to receive either placebo (n = 99) or vitamin D supplements of 50,000 IU once a week for two months and then 50,000 IU monthly for 10 months (n = 93). The participants were vitamin D deficient ( 0.05) between the two groups. There was a small but significant improvement in the HRQOL components of vitality (mean difference: 5.041; 95% CI: 0.709 to 9.374) and mental component summary score (mean difference: 2.951; 95% CI: 0.573 to 5.329) in the intervention group compared to the placebo group. In conclusion, large and less frequent dosages of vitamin D supplementation were effective to improve vitamin D deficiency to vitamin iv D sufficiency. However, there was no improvement in measured cardiometabolic risk factors in premenopausal women. On the other hand, vitamin D supplementation appeared to improve some components of HRQOL. Longitudinal studies may be needed to establish causality between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors and HRQOL