Nefropatia cholemiczna (żółciowa)

Cholemic nephropathy (bile cast nephropathy) is an underestimated but important cause of renal dysfunction in cholestasis or advanced liver disease with jaundice in most cases > 20 mg/dl (342 μmol/l) of serum bilirubin level. It is a common complication of hepatorenal syndrome AKI and acute on chronic liver failure, increasing morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes the present knowledge on definition, morphological characteristics, patomechanisms as well as diagnostic and therapeutical strategies of cholemic nephropathy