Presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis with or without co-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus — a prospective study

Background. Many studies depict that pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have some different and specific presentations. Aims and objective. Present study was performed to observe the various presentations in a patient with tuberculosis and T2DM. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 105 patients with and without T2DM and sputum positive for tuberculosis divided into tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (TBDM) group (55 patients) and tuberculosis without T2DM (TB) group (50 patients). Results were analyzed using detailed clinical history, systemic examination, radiological examination (classified in eleven patterns) and sputum smear examination (grading was done). Results. The mean age of TBDM group was 51.2 ± 8.05 and the group was older than patients in TB group where mean age was 39.5 ± 9.2 years. Duration of T2DM ranged from 6 month to 10 years, with mean 4.21 ± 1.86 years. Hemoptysis was present in 40% of patients of TBDM group. Six (12%) in TB group and 23 (41.8%) patients in TBDM group were having 3+ grade sputum smear positivity. Conclusion. Significant difference was found in presentations in patients of TB with T2DM as compared to patients without T2DM