Investigating methods regarding diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a pleural malignant tumor that results predominantly from exposure to asbestos and has a poor prognosis. After a brief review of the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical status of MM, we detail methods being used to search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MM, particularly approaches involving the use of blood samples. The soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP), mesothelin/ERC and osteopontin are typical biomarkers for MM. In addition to these biomarkers, fibulin-3 has recently been introduced as a biomarker for MM. Furthermore, several molecules have been reported as useful biomarkers. In addition to an introduction outlining newer approaches such as those of proteomics, we hope to summarize the recent status of biomarkers for MM in this review