Abstract This dissertation is based on the demand of changes towards boarding school institution, which becomes academic debates about tradition and modernization of boarding school education system by Islamic scholars and thus becomes challenges for boarding schools. This research discussed boarding school education system based on the point of view of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid. This research design by using library research as the instrument with a descriptive analysis of historical approach and pedagogical comparative. The primary source of the data is the work by KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, such as Menggerakkan Tradisi; Esai-Esai Pesantren, BungaRampai Pesantren: Kumpulan KaryaTulis Abdurrahman Wahid, “Pesantren as a subkultur, in M. Dawam Rahar...