BALBI c mice depleted and non-depleted of Natural Killer (NK) cells were infected subcutaneously with 107 stationary phase promastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and samples were taken at 24 hours and 7 days after infection. In NK cell-depleted mice, the NK cytotoxic activity of spleen cells decreased at 7 days after infection and more parasites were found in the lesion. The NK cell populations were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in spleen cryosections. An increase of NK1.1+ expression and a decrease of NK5E6+ antigen expression was observed in NK cell-depleted mice compared to non-depleted mice. When the presence of IFN-g, IL-12 and IL-4 at the site of parasite inoculation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, a large amoun...