Interlibrary Loan Rates for Academic Libraries in the United States of America Have Increased Despite the Availability of Electronic Databases, but Fulfilment Rates Have Decreased. A Review of: Williams, J. A., & Woolwine, D. E. (2011). Interlibrary loan in the United States: An analysis of academic libraries in a digital age. Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 21(4), 165-183. doi: 10.1080/1072303X.2011.602945

Objectives – To determine the number of interlibrary loan (ILL) requests in academiclibraries in the United States of America over the period 1997-2008, and how various factors have influenced these rates. These factors included electronic database subscriptions,size of print journal and monograph collections, and the presence of link resolvers.Data were collected from libraries as both lenders and borrowers. The study also lookedat whether the number of professional staff in an ILL department had changed during theperiod studied, and whether ILL departments led by a professional librarian correlated positively with rates of ILL.Design – Online questionnaire.Setting – Academic library members of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) ILL scheme in the United States of America.Subjects – A total of 442 academic library members of the OCLC ILL scheme.Methods – An electronic questionnaire was sent to 1433 academic library memberinstitutions of the OCLC ILL scheme. Datawere collected for libraries as both lending andborrowing institutions. Data were analyzed using a statistical software package,specifically to calculate Spearman’s rank correlations between the variables and rates of ILL.Main Results – Responses to the electronic questionnaire were received from 442 (31%) academic libraries. There was an overall increase in the number of ILL requests in the period 1997-2008. The number of ILL requests which were unfulfilled also increased during this period. There was a positive correlation between rates of ILL and all of the variables investigated, with the strongest correlations with size of print monograph collections and size of print journal collections. The numbers of staff in ILL departments remained relatively static during the period covered by the study, although the majority of staff working in ILL was composed of paraprofessionals. There was a weak positive correlation between numbers of ILL requests and whether ILL departments were headed by a professional librarian.Conclusions – Access to full text electronic databases has not decreased the numbers of ILL requests in academic libraries in the United States of America. In fact, ILL requests have increased, probably due to the fact that students and staff of academic libraries now have access to a larger number of citations through online databases and other information sources. The authors suggest that the increase in unfulfilled ILL requests is also due to this increased access. Libraries with large print collections are more likely to receive ILL requests precisely because they have more material to lend out, and may make more ILL requests due to the research output of their presumably larger institutions. There may be a higher number of ILL requests fulfilled by departments headed by a professional librarian because a librarian has more knowledge of sources to fulfil requests