Earth's deep ocean beyond the continental rises at depths greater than approximately 1000 m constitutes about half of the surface area of the planet and hosts several mineral resources that have been or are soon to be investigated for commercial recovery. These include manganese nodules (copper, nickel, cobalt), manganese crusts (cobalt, platinum group elements), and polymetallic sulphides (copper, zinc, lead, silver, gold, barium). Polymetallic sulphides, formed by hydrothermal venting on the sea floor, are widespread in a variety of geological settings, including off Canada's west coast. Some deposits, such as the Atlantis II Deep in the Red Sea that contains 94 million metric tons, rival the size of analogous "giant" ore bodies on land a...
The possibility of mining seafl oor massive sulfide deposits has stirred debate about the sustainabl...
This thesis focused on developing and understanding of the challenges of mining subsea polymetallic ...
Polymetallic nodules were first discovered during the 1872-1876 expedition of HMS Challenger expedit...
Land–based massive sulphide deposits are of major importance to world mining and world commerce. Maj...
Mining of minerals such as polymetallic nodules from the deep-sea floor has been ‘on-hold’ due to se...
Deep-ocean mineral deposits could make a significant contribution to future raw material supply. Gro...
The paper presents the characteristics of types, occurrence and distribution of the ocean polymetall...
The potential emergence of an ocean mining industry to exploit seafloor massive sulfides could prese...
Deep-sea mining is seen as a potential way to provide future secure metal supply to global markets. ...
This is the final version. Available from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record. Rising demand ...
Deep-sea mining is taking another step closer to reality. Early leases for exploration in the centra...
Since 1979, polymetallic massive sulphide deposits have been found at water depths up to 3,700 m in...
Rising demand for metals is driving a search for new mineral resources and mining of seafloor deposi...
New emerging technologies, a low carbon future and a growing world population will lead to an increa...
Ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the Earth's lithosphere in many rare...
The possibility of mining seafl oor massive sulfide deposits has stirred debate about the sustainabl...
This thesis focused on developing and understanding of the challenges of mining subsea polymetallic ...
Polymetallic nodules were first discovered during the 1872-1876 expedition of HMS Challenger expedit...
Land–based massive sulphide deposits are of major importance to world mining and world commerce. Maj...
Mining of minerals such as polymetallic nodules from the deep-sea floor has been ‘on-hold’ due to se...
Deep-ocean mineral deposits could make a significant contribution to future raw material supply. Gro...
The paper presents the characteristics of types, occurrence and distribution of the ocean polymetall...
The potential emergence of an ocean mining industry to exploit seafloor massive sulfides could prese...
Deep-sea mining is seen as a potential way to provide future secure metal supply to global markets. ...
This is the final version. Available from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record. Rising demand ...
Deep-sea mining is taking another step closer to reality. Early leases for exploration in the centra...
Since 1979, polymetallic massive sulphide deposits have been found at water depths up to 3,700 m in...
Rising demand for metals is driving a search for new mineral resources and mining of seafloor deposi...
New emerging technologies, a low carbon future and a growing world population will lead to an increa...
Ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the Earth's lithosphere in many rare...
The possibility of mining seafl oor massive sulfide deposits has stirred debate about the sustainabl...
This thesis focused on developing and understanding of the challenges of mining subsea polymetallic ...
Polymetallic nodules were first discovered during the 1872-1876 expedition of HMS Challenger expedit...