多面的な親子関係の発達モデルを探る : Attachmentから間主観的companionshipへ

Human relations can be divided into two types ; the vertical and the horizontal ones. In developmental psychology, traditionally, parent-child relationships have been regarded as the vertical, while peer relationships as the horizontal. Based on the myth of infant determinism, it also has been believed that all later developments are determined by early attachment. As the result, parent roles also have been unified into an attachment figure for their children. However, recently new viewpoints opened several controversial discussions which takes issues with those traditional views. They reconsidered the parental role and which takes versatile roles including not only an attachment figure, but also a teacher, and a playmate for children. It is proposed that as attachment behavior system is activated under threat, it may be theoretically incorrect to correlate it with activities in playful contexts. The global influences of an early secure attachment on later behavior also are considered as the result of "all good things go together." Those new proposals indicate that we need a new integrated theory to understand reality of interpersonal relationships. In this review, I will propose a systemic model considered versatile roles of parents based on the theory of intersubjectivity and companionship to better understand human relations