Performance Analysis of Java Persistence API Providers

Nowadays, fast and accurate access to data is very important. Usually data is managed and processed through software applications. In recent years, the most preferred programming model by most application developers is Object Oriented Programming (OOP) where data is represented through objects. These data must be persistent and therefore needs to be stored, and storage can be done on a variety of databases. The most common databases are Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). While persistence of objects in RDBMS is limited by object-relational mismatch which is the inconsistency of the direct interaction between two components based on different approaches, OOP object on one side and RDBMS table data on the other, Object-relational mapping (ORM) can be used as a solution. ORM maps the data stored in database tables into the application objects. In other words, ORM persists data from application environment to that of the database. In this paper, we use the Java Persistence API (JPA) specification which provides the characteristics of the ORM technique for developing Java applications. A comparison of three JPA providers was performed by implementing three JPA applications in order to conclude which JPA provider has a better performance