国体集団演技に関する基礎的研究 (第5報) : 第31回国体から第40回国体集団演技の演技内容の変遷について

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of massgame (collective gymnastics and dance exihibition) from the 31th to the 40th National Sports Festival, the period IV. The reports on the Festivals, the training manuals of the massgames and other related materials were analyzed. And the management of massgames, the composition of the program, and the idea and the content of the performance were investigated, which clarified the changes during the period IV. Results of this study are as follows ; 1. Massgames were performed (as open public demonstrations) at the opening and the closing ceremonies. At the opening ceremony, massgames were performed both prior and posterior to the ceremony, while at the closing ceremony, they were performed only prior to the ceremony. But in many festivals during the period IV, changes were seen ; the introduction of the local folk arts or the folk dances were set before the ceremony performance. 2. Each Festival had its own ideas and theme about massgames. The materials were the beauty of the nature in the area, its history, its culture, the beauty of health and rhythmic movements. 3. The program of massgames consisted of gymnastics, dance and other exercises, though dance and other exercises made up its large populaton. As for gymnastics (though the number of Performance was decreasing), there were free gymnastics, pyramid buildings(by parents and kids), gymnastics with hand apparatus, the combination of these, and their combination with dance. As for dance, creative dances (which expressed the theme or the idea), rhythmic play and rhythmic move-ments played major parts in the massgames. With regard to other exercises, there were folk dance, folk arts, differnt kinds of sports, and marching band etc. 4. The needed time for each perfomance ranged from 10 to 15 min., from 15 to 20 min. or 5 to 10 min. The total time of all the performances in each festival was between 121 and 220 min. 5. The number of participants in each performance at the opening ceremony was between 0 and 500, 500 and 1000, 1500 and 2000, or 2000 and 2500. At the closing ceremony it was between 0 and 500, or 2000 and 2500. A performance given by over 4000 people (including final) was seen. The total number of the performers during the period IV ranged from 13978 to 38987. 6. The participants were not only the people from educational institutions, but also many citizens who belong to the group such as women\u27s group, traditional folk art groups, sports associations (the Boy Scouts, for example), marching band etc