Níveis lipêmicos e alguns fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares em população do Município de São Paulo, SP (Brasil) Lipemic levels and some cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of the city of S. Paulo, Brazil

No estudo de população constituída de 3.792 indivíduos, procurou-se caracterizar o estado dos níveis lipêmicos, segundo sexo, idade e a presença ou ausência de fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares, expressos pelo hábito de fumar, obesidade, antecedentes diabéticos e uso de contraceptivos orais. Os indivíduos que não apresentaram nenhuma patologia e qualquer dos fatores de risco considerados foram denominados "isentos". Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância constatando-se que a obesidade apresentou-se como o fator de risco mais relevante, para todos os grupos etários de ambos os sexos. Entretanto, para as mulheres encontraram-se diferenças menores, embora significantes, ao se comparar as médias dos níveis séricos lipêmicos, entre "isentas" e portadoras de fatores de risco. Para o grupo etário acima de 50 anos, sexo feminino, os níveis lipêmicos foram altos independentemente dos fatores de risco abordados.An attempt was made to caracterize lipemic levels according to sex, age and presence or absence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in a population of 3,792 people between the ages of 20 and 59, in terms of smoking habits, obesity, family history of diabetes and use of oral contraceptives. Those individuals who did not present any of the risk factors mentioned were classified as "exempt". After submitting the data to variance analysis it was found that: - for men between 20 and 49 years of age there were high significant differences in the averages obtained for the seric levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol between "exempt" and obese and "exempt" and obese with a family history of diabetes; - for the 50 to 59 age group there were significant differences in the average of the values corresponding to the seric levels of total lipids between "exempt" and those individuals in whom obesity appeared associated with smoking habits or associated with a family history of diabetes. The averages obtained for seric triglycerides were significantly different between "exempt" and non-obese with a family history of diabetes, obese, obese smokers and obese with a family history of diabetes. On the other hand, the averages relating to seric levels of total cholesterol were different, at significant levels, between "exempt" and obese smokers; - the risk represented by the smoking habit showed no relevance with regard to the lipemic levels in any group except for that of men between 30 and 39 years of age. In their case, there were significant differences between the averages obtained for the seric levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol, between "exempt" and smokers and between "exempt" and obese smokers. It is to be noted that the differences obtained with regard to the averages relating to lipemic levels as between "exempt" and obese were less those obtained between "exempt" and obese smokers, thus showing the possible relevance of the risk presented by the smoking habit; - among the women there were less accentuated differences in the averages corresponding to the lipemic levels as between "exempt" and those who presented one or more risk factors. Thus, for the age group from 20 to 29 there were significant differences in the averages obtained for total lipids as between "exempt" and obese. The averages of the serie levels of total cholesterol were significantly different as between "exempt" and obese and between "exempt" and obese with a family history of diabetes, irrespective of their smoking; - for the age group from 30 to 39, there were significant differences in the averages obtained for the serie levels of triglycerides as between "exempt" and obese. The averages relating to serie levels of total cholesterol were significantly different as between "exempt" and obese and between "exempt" and those who used oral contraceptives; - for the age group between 50 and 59, the lipemic levels were high, especially those of total cholesterol, for all groups, irrespective of risk factors; - for all age groups, of both sexes, obesity was the most important risk factor