A Systematic Review of Relationship between Green Tea Consumption and Improvement of Lipid Profile as Action Plan for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Development

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular beverages in Asia. Tea divided into three categories based on degree of fermentations, one of them is green tea. Many researchers have reported antioxidant activity of green tea to prevent chronic diseases. Daily consumption of green tea can reduce the development of atherosclerotic complication related to stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are evidences from clinical studies that prove green tea can play protective role in the development of CVD. Various components of green tea, especially polyphenol, have antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activities. The aim of this study was to review the relationship between green tea consumption and CVD development. Published randomized controlled trial (RCT) and meta-analysis (2007-2017) were identified based on searches of on-line databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct). The search terms used included green tea and cardiovascular. From electronic searches database we found 3.642 articles, 6 research articles met inclusion criteria have been conducted and summarized. There were significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (p<.05) found in 3 articles, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) found in 4 articles, triglyceride (TG) found in 3 articles, and significant increment of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) found in 2 articles. The articles also showed reduction of CVD risk including blood glucose concentration, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarker and anthropometrical measurements. Green tea consumption might be associated inversely with the development of CVD. The consumption of green tea extract indicates improvement of lipid profile and reduction of CVD risk. The utilization of dietary supplement, such as green tea and its polyphenol component, have promising potential to prevent the development of CVD complications.