Desigualdades associadas à não realização de mamografia na zona urbana de Teresina-Piauí-Brasil, 2010-2011 Inequalities associated with lack of mammography in Teresina-Piauí-Brazil, 2010-2011

FUNDAMENTOS: Estudos demonstram que a realização da mamografia em programas de rastreamento diminui a mortalidade do câncer de mama. Entretanto, há indícios de grande desigualdade no acesso à realização deste exame no Brasil. OBJETIVOS: Analisar o percentual de mulheres que não realizaram mamografia segundo variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas em mulheres de 40 a 69 anos de Teresina-PI. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em 2010/2011, com amostragem multifásica em cinco etapas, realizando-se entrevista face a face com cada mulher sorteada. Processou-se os dados com programa SPSS 19.0, realizando-se análise uni e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 433 mulheres que responderam o questionário, a taxa de realização de mamografia foi de 75,3%,sendo que, destas, 17,2% a haviam realizado há mais de dois anos. A não realização de mamografia esteve relacionada com raça parda/negra (p = 0,030), ausência de companheiro (p = 0,041), menor grau de instrução (p = 0,010), menor renda (p INTRODUCTION: Randomized studies have shown that screening for breast cancer with mammography reduces the breast cancer mortality. However there are signs of a great inequality in access to mammography in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the percentage of women who did not undergo mammography according to socioeconomic and demographic variables in women aged from 40 to 69 years in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study in women aged 40-69 years in Teresina-Piauí in 2010/2011. The sampling was randomly conducted in five stages. The data were processed by SPSS 19.0 and it was performed univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among 433 women who answered the questionnaire, 75,3% had a mammography and 17,2% of these women had not a mammography over the last two years. The lack of breast cancer screening was associated with non-white skin color (p = 0,030), never being married (p = 0,041), low levels of education (p = 0,010), low family income (p < 0,001), smoking (p = 0,006), having no private health insurance (p < 0,001). The Unified National Health System (SUS) performed 56,3% of reported mammograms. CONCLUSION: About 24.7% of women in the sample never had a mammography. According to the findings, the lack of breast cancer screening is associated with social and racial inequalities