Manejo clínico y quirúrgico del granuloma periférico de células gigantes

SUMMARYThe peripheral giant cell granuloma is anexophytic lesion developing in the oral cavity;it is one of the “reactive hyperplasias”The etiology is unknown In the literatureonly 12 cases have been reported in children,in these patients, it achieved rapidgrowth, behaving in an aggressive manneras it absorbed alveolar bone, leading totooth mobility and interferes with eruption.This article presents the case of a male 9years, 6 months old patient, who showeda red, soft, irregularly shaped gingivalswelling involving the right maxillarypremolars of 4cm in diameter with an ulcerin the oclusal side, asymptomatic and withshort evolution. Recurrence appeared inless than 6 months; histopathologic diagnosiswas peripheral giant cell granuloma,the treatment was surgical. The purpose ofthis study was to identify the peripheralgiant cell granuloma to avoid destructionof the alveolar bone, thus avoiding the lossof permanent teeth.Key words: Reactive hyperplasias, granuloma,giant cells.Resumen: El granuloma periférico de células gigantes es una lesiónexofítica de la cavidad bucal, pertenece a las “hiperplasias reactivas” En la literatura solamentese han reportado 12 casos en pacientes infantiles, su crecimiento es rápido, alcanza gran tamaño yse comporta de manera agresiva ya que absorbe el hueso alveolar, produciendo movilidad dental einterfiere con la erupción. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años,6 meses de edad, el cual mostraba un crecimiento gingival en la zona de premolares superioresderechos de color rojo, suave, forma irregular de aproximadamente 4 cm. de diámetro con una úlceraen la superficie oclusal, asintomático y de corta evolución. Refiere recidiva en menos de 6 meses;el diagnóstico histopatológico fue de granuloma periférico de células gigantes, el tratamiento fuequirúrgico, consistiendo en una toma de biopsia excisional y realizando el curetaje abierto . Elobjetivo de este trabajo fue identificar oportunamente al granuloma periférico de células gigantespara evitar destrucción del hueso alveolar, evitando así la pérdida de los dientes permanentes. Rev.Estomat. 2011; 19(1):30-35 Palabras clave: Hiperplasias reactivas. Granuloma. Células gigantes.Summary: The peripheral giant cell granuloma is an exophytic lesion developing in the oral cavity;it is one of the “reactive hyperplasias” The etiology is unknown In the literature only 12 caseshave been reported in children, in these patients, it achieved rapid growth, behaving in anaggressive manner as it absorbed alveolar bone, leading to tooth mobility and interferes witheruption. This article presents the case of a male 9 years, 6 months old patient, who showed a red,soft, irregularly shaped gingival swelling involving the right maxillary premolars of 4cm indiameter with an ulcer in the oclusal side, asymptomatic and with short evolution. Recurrenceappeared in less than 6 months; histopathologic diagnosis was peripheral giant cell granuloma, thetreatment was surgical. The purpose of this study was to identify the peripheral giant cellgranuloma to avoid destruction of the alveolar bone, thus avoiding the loss of permanent teeth. Keywords: Reactive hyperplasias. Granuloma. Giant cells