A life cycle thinking approach for planning renewable energy systems : net-zero transformation strategies for communities

In Canada, 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions has been attributed to the use of energy in various forms, and the Government of Canada has set out ambitious emissions reduction targets. Moreover, around 8% of Canadian households are suffering from energy poverty. Developing energy systems at community level allows better adaptation to the needs and conditions of the community, and allows the local populace to be in control of their resource-related decisions. In net-zero energy communities, the reduced energy demand of a community is met through locally available renewable energy resources. Although net-zero energy status is proposed as the solution towards energy security and energy independence especially among remote communities, hardly any studies have been carried out to suggest pathways for planning to attain net-zero status. The main goal of this research is to develop a decision support framework, based on life cycle thinking, to transform Canadian communities to net-zero status through renewable energy integration. Multi-criteria decision making methods were used in selecting the most suitable energy technologies at community level, and in identifying the optimal energy system mix and sizing at building and community levels. A risk-based dynamic modelling method was used in evaluating investment decisions in energy system planning, and best practices were proposed for implementing and contracting community energy projects by engaging stakeholder groups at all levels. A fuzzy logic-based approach was integrated in the decision making to account for the uncertainties and variabilities associated with energy system planning. The deliverables of this research will aid in decision making for initial community planning and continuous improvement. The developed decision support framework will assist municipalities and community developers in identifying the optimal energy choices and assessing the feasibility of net-zero energy systems during the pre-project planning stage of urban development projects. It will ensure that communities possess the necessary technical support to achieve their energy and climate action goals, and that they will not be hindered in their sustainability initiatives due to lack of expertise. The results will contribute to the development of energy secure and energy independent communities, and to alleviate energy poverty especially in remote communities.Applied Science, Faculty ofEngineering, School of (Okanagan)Graduat