Optimal outcomes of nonlinear phonological intervention

Efficacy research has been the focus of many phonological intervention projects recently (Bernhardt, 1990,1994; Von Bremen, 1990; Howell & Dean, 1995). The importance of conducting efficacy research is not in dispute; rather, researchers are focusing on how outcomes can be optimized in everyday clinical situations with typical clinicians given time and financial constraints (Fletcher, Fletcher & Wagner, 1988). The purpose of the present study was to optimize and evaluate the effectiveness of nonlinear phonological theory in typical clinical practise. Intervention took place in bi-weekly sessions over a period of 16 weeks. Data were collected to measure intermediate stages of generalization at six points and generalization to conversational speech was measured at three data points. Relative progress/overall gains in terms of Percent Consonant Correct (PCC) and Wordshape Match (WSM) were compared to subjects from Bernhardt (1990,1993a). Results are discussed in terms of nonlinear phonological theory and more recent developments in the area of constraint theory. Further discussion involves the interaction of phonetics and phonology, especially where physical limitations are concerned. Finally, the process of optimization is discussed in terms of effectiveness and research design. Suggestions for future phonology research based on everyday practise are provided.Medicine, Faculty ofAudiology and Speech Sciences, School ofGraduat