Housing for seniors: an analysis of housing alternatives for the Kitakyushu population

Japan has experienced significant changes in its age structure since 1970. Not only is the population aging, but also seniors' lifestyles have been changing significantly. The changes are creating demand for seniors housing, including alternatives to institutions and the traditional extended-family houses. Supportive (congregate) housing for seniors, which is planned to promote their independent living with some support services, is the main theme of this thesis. The need for studies that examine alternative housing models, and housing policy in municipal levels have become increasingly apparent in recent years, since the new and growing demands are not synchronized with current housing provisions. One methodology applied in this thesis is population projection, which helps to identify current and future problems of Kitakyushu City, Japan. Another is a case study of Greater Vancouver experiences through a series of interviews, which expands housing options and opportunities for accommodating seniors in Kitakyushu City. The results of the population projection highlight the coming "aged society" with increasing numbers of seniors-only-households, which require revaluation of the city's housing policy. Given the increasing demands for housing alternatives, also based on literature review, the city's pressing need for an innovative response to such housing issues is further complicated by the fact that no single model provides a simple and final solution. Alternative means of project financing, service provision, and alternative models of housing and its operation are explored within the context of scarce government resources. All three housing projects in Greater Vancouver respond in a unique way to the needs of seniors with moderate incomes. The analyses reveal that providing a sufficient number of options for choices with a mixture of approaches is a key aspect of planning. Specific policy implications include cooperation and collaboration among various key housing players, alternative means of service provision, and also utilizing more community resources and non-profit human capitals. The equity co-op model is a cost-effective alternative for senior homeowners. Congregate housing is one responsive option which keeps seniors in the community and out of institutions. Also, locating housing adjacent to services is another progressive solution for the city's future housing development.Applied Science, Faculty ofCommunity and Regional Planning (SCARP), School ofGraduat