Full aircraft ditching simulation by advanced fluid-structure interaction computational methods: a comparative analysis

International audienceMost of air traffic operates over water, airports are mostly located around water, and near-airport operations (such takeoff, final approach, and landing) take place above water. Fortunately emergency landings on water, comprising ditching and crash on water, do not occur frequently. However, as passenger safety under dynamic loads is of key importance in modern aerospace vehicle design, ditching analysis is an important part of the aircraft design. The landing of an airplane on water is an emergency situation that an aircraft faces only once. Loss of the aircraft is acceptable, provided the crew and passengers can safely escape and be rescued. For a water contact to qualify as a ditching, it is necessary that the touchdown follows a prudent approach and acceptable procedures. The design must provide structural integrity to protect all occupants, ensure that no excessive decelerations will be experienced by the occupants, and provide sufficient time for safe egress from a damaged aircraft (FAR 25.801 on Ditching)