Sphingosine Protects Aging Hearts from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Superiority to Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Ischemic Pre- and Post-Conditioning

Aging hearts are known to have diminished capacity to be protected against reoxygenation ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury provided by various cardioprotective regimens. In search of a more successful regimen, we have studied the response of aged hearts to preconditioning (PC) and postconditioning (POST) elicited by sphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate treatment