Designing quantum-dot cellular automata circuits using a robust one layer crossover scheme

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a novel nanotechnology which is considered as a solution to the scaling problems in complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. In this Letter, a robust one layer crossover scheme is introduced. It uses only 90° QCA cells and works based on a proper clock assignment. The application of this new scheme is shown in designing a sample QCA circuit. Simulation results demonstrate that using this new scheme, significant improvements in terms of area and complexity can be achieved