A X-ray study of β-phase and molecular orientation in nucleated and non-nucleated injection molded polypropylene resins

The development of α and β-phases and the molecular orientation of injection molded disks of two isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) resins were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and pole figures. A nucleated (NPP) and non-nucleated (HPP) polymers were analyzed. The main proposal of this article was the comprehensive study of the interrelations between the processing conditions, phase contents and PP α-phase molecular orientation of injection molded PP resins. In both resins, it was observed that the α-phase was present in all regions along the thickness while the β-phase was present mainly in the external layers, decreasing from the surface to the core; however this last phase was present in a very small amount in the NPP resin. For both polymers, the orientation of the macromolecules c-axis was higher along the flow direction (RD) than along the transverse direction (TD). The b-axis of the PP α-phase molecules was oriented to the thickness direction (ND). The orientation of the c-axis along RD and b-axis along ND of the NPP samples was considerably higher than of the HPP samples, due to the NPP faster crystallization kinetics. For both polymers, the most influential processing parameters on the molecular orientation were the mold temperature and flow rate. The results indicate that, as the mold temperature increased, the characteristic molecular orientation of PP α-phase, with c-axis along RD and b-axis along ND, decreased. With increase in the flow rate an increase of the c-axis molecular orientation of the samples along RD was observed