Lanthanum carbonate for the control of hyperphosphatemia in chronic renal failure patients: a new oral powder formulation – safety, efficacy, and patient adherence

MªJesús Lloret, César Ruiz-García, Iara DaSilva, Mónica Furlano, Yaima Barreiro, José Ballarín, Jordi Bover Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with very high mortality rates, mainly of cardiovascular origin. The retention of phosphate (P) and increased fibroblast growth factor-23 levels are common, even at early stages of CKD, due to disturbances in normal P homeostasis. Later, hyperphosphatemia appears, which has also been strongly associated with high mortality rates linked to P-mediated cardiovascular and procalcifying effects. Treatment guidelines for these patients continue to be poorly implemented, at least partially due to the lack of adherence to a P-restricted diet and P-binder therapy. Calcium-free P binders, such as lanthanum carbonate, have been associated with a decreased progression of vascular calcification, rendering them an important therapeutic alternative for these high cardiovascular risk CKD patients. Lanthanum carbonate has typically been available as chewable tablets, and the new presentation as an oral powder may provide a useful alternative in the therapeutic armamentarium. This powder is a tasteless, odorless, and colorless semisolid compound miscible with food. In a recent study in healthy individuals, the safety and efficacy of this novel form were evaluated, and it was concluded that it is well tolerated and pharmacodynamically equivalent to the chewable form. In the long run, individualization of preferences and treatments seems an achievable goal prior to final demonstration of improvements in hard outcomes in wide clinical trials in CKD patients. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, phosphate, phosphate binde