Historic geomagnetic activity observations have been used to reveal centennial variations in the open solar flux and the near-Earth heliospheric conditions (the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind speed). The various methods are in very good agreement for the past 135 years when there were sufficient reliable magnetic observatories in operation to eliminate problems due to site-specific errors and calibration drifts. This review underlines the physical principles that allow these reconstructions to be made, as well as the details of the various algorithms employed and the results obtained. Discussion is included of: the importance of the averaging timescale; the key differences between “range” and “interdiurnal variability” geo...
As our civilization depends increasingly on space-borne assets and on a delicate and vulnerable eart...
Recent studies of the variation of geomagnetic activity over the past 140 years have quantified the ...
Using information on geomagnetic activity, sunspot numbers and cosmogenic isotopes, supported by his...
Historic geomagnetic activity observations have been used to reveal centennial variations in the ope...
Historic geomagnetic activity observations have been used to reveal centennial variations in the ope...
We updated annual mean reconstructions of near-Earth interplanetary conditions and (signed) open sol...
This paper presents a comparison of various estimates of the open solar flux, deduced from measureme...
Recent studies of the variation of geomagnetic activity over the past 140 years have quantified the ...
Aims. We improve the description of the evolution of the Sun's open and total magnetic flux on time ...
Aims. We improve the description of the evolution of the Sun's open and total magnetic flux on time ...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
As our civilization depends increasingly on space-borne assets and on a delicate and vulnerable eart...
As our civilization depends increasingly on space-borne assets and on a delicate and vulnerable eart...
Recent studies of the variation of geomagnetic activity over the past 140 years have quantified the ...
Using information on geomagnetic activity, sunspot numbers and cosmogenic isotopes, supported by his...
Historic geomagnetic activity observations have been used to reveal centennial variations in the ope...
Historic geomagnetic activity observations have been used to reveal centennial variations in the ope...
We updated annual mean reconstructions of near-Earth interplanetary conditions and (signed) open sol...
This paper presents a comparison of various estimates of the open solar flux, deduced from measureme...
Recent studies of the variation of geomagnetic activity over the past 140 years have quantified the ...
Aims. We improve the description of the evolution of the Sun's open and total magnetic flux on time ...
Aims. We improve the description of the evolution of the Sun's open and total magnetic flux on time ...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
International audienceWe present two separate time series of the near-Earth heliospheric magnetic fi...
As our civilization depends increasingly on space-borne assets and on a delicate and vulnerable eart...
As our civilization depends increasingly on space-borne assets and on a delicate and vulnerable eart...
Recent studies of the variation of geomagnetic activity over the past 140 years have quantified the ...
Using information on geomagnetic activity, sunspot numbers and cosmogenic isotopes, supported by his...