PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS AS A PATH TO UKRAINE'S TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Efficiency of tourism development in any country can be described by its rate according to Travel and Tourism Competitive Index, calculated by specialists of the World Economic Forum. In 2013 Ukraine occupied the 76th place among 140 countries and the 37th place among 42 European countries according to the level of tourism development and attractiveness to visitors. These positions are caused by different problems, available in Ukraine’s tourism branch. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to set up a dialogue process between all the tourism stakeholders, institutions and organizations. To identify an action plan for the achievement of sustainable development goals in tourism there could be implemented a mechanism of public-private partnership in tourism (PPPT). To understand possibilities of public-private partnership projects in overcoming problems of tourism the author has studied 90 PPPT cases and has found out that they can be divided according to 16 aims, the most wide spread being the improvement of the tourism image of a destination as well as enhancement of the level of tourist arrivals to a destination. After studying the aims of the studied projects, the author concludes, that PPPT projects were implemented with the purpose of economic situation improvement in countries in general as well as with the aim of development of the tourism branch, certain destinations, certain components of the tourism branch and certain enterprises. Apart from that, PPPT projects were created in countries with rather different economic and tourism development levels. Also, there were countries which formed more than one PPPT projects. That means that these countries could have several problems with tourism development, as well as a set mechanism of public-private partnership and secure partners. The study has also showed, that projects aimed at economic development of the country and upgrading qualifications of tourism personnel had the longest duration. The least durable were projects aimed at the improvement of the tourism image of a destination and the improvement of the tourism policy. Generalization of the world experience of PPPT projects implementation allowed the author to draw the following conclusions: there are five groups of PPPT projects, which could be the prior basis for creation of similar ones in Ukraine; PPPT projects implementation can have lots of results and consequences; every group of PPPT projects with an identical aim could have at least 2 positive consequences; the most widespread consequences of PPPT projects implementation presented in Table 2, were enhancement of tourism arrivals to a destination as well as creation of new jobs; some of PPPT projects could demonstrate diverse results but the same consequences, which turned to be positive in all the studied cases. Diverse positive consequences of PPPT projects implementation make it possible to conclude, that such projects can have a positive impact on the economic, social and cultural development of destinations as well as help solve problems, restricting tourism development at different levels. Thus, the consequence "Preservation of the environment" testifies that by implementing PPPT projects it is possible to solve such a problem as deterioration of environment. Such consequences as "Improvement of the tourism destination image" and "Enhanced awareness about tourism attractions of a destination" points out that it is possible to solve the problems concerning the attractive tourism image of our county. Consequences "Increased capacity of accommodation facilities", "Higher quality of infrastructure objects", "Improved economic conditions of accommodation owners" proves that PPPT projects can help solve the problem of an inadequate accommodation infrastructure. Therefore, the author considers implementation of projects of public-private partnership in tourism as a way to tourism and economic development of Ukraine as well as suggests 5 aims, which such projects could have to be primarily implemented in Ukraine