Quantum computation by optically coupled steady atoms/quantum-dots inside a quantum electro-dynamic cavity

We present a model for quantum computation using n steady 3-level atoms or3-level quantum dots, kept inside a quantum electro-dynamics (QED) cavity. Ourmodel allows one-qubit operations and the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate asrequired for universal quantum computation. The n quantum bits are described bytwo energy levels of each atom/dot. An external laser and n separate pairs ofelectrodes are used to address a single atom/dot independent of the others, viaStark effect. The third level of each system and an additional common-modequbit (a cavity photon) are used for realizing the controlled-NOT operationbetween any pair of qubits. Laser frequency, cavity frequency, and energylevels are far off-resonance, and they are brought to resonance by modifyingthe energy-levels of a 3-level system using the Stark effect, only at the timeof operation