EU economic governance en het recht op collectief onderhandelen. Een juridisch onderzoek naar de problematische verhouding van het Europese economische beleid en de sociale grondrechten

This research studies the relationship of EU economic governance with the right to collective bargaining. In addition to legislation, the European Union also uses a hybrid policy method called 'economic governance' to make annual (country specific) recommendations to the member states, the follow-up of which is monitored by the institutions through various mechanisms in the European Semester. These recommendations (or guidelines) relate to the Member State budget and the economy, but also to the social and employment policies of the Member States. While the EU does not have strong legislative powers on the social dimension, it made extensive use - certainly during the crisis - of EU economic governance to issue (theoretically) soft law guidelines on employment, labour law and social security systems. Many of the recommendations related to wage setting or directly to a reform of the collective bargaining system (often decentralisation). Such recommendations and subsequent Member States' measures encroach upon the fundamental right of the social partners to collective bargaining (and social dialogue). This right, which gives the social partners a certain autonomy to negotiate with each other on social matters, is protected not only by the EU legal order itself, but also by the International Labour Organisation and the Council of Europe (ECHR and ESH). The study examined the extent to which EU economic governance is problematic in the light of the right to collective bargaining, which can lead to violations of this right in the various legal systems. The study took account of the fact that the legal nature of the economic governance mechanisms is less 'soft law' than seems at first sight to be the case. Especially in the event of budgetary problems or crisis situations (such as e.g. in Greece and Portugal), the instruments of 'economic governance' have hybrid characteristics of both soft law and hard law, thus limiting the margin of appreciation of the Member States. From the evaluation of the recommendations and measures (notably in Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece), the research draws lessons for the EU (and the Member States) to better reconcile EU economic governance with the right to collective bargaining, taking into account the post-crisis climate and the renewed focus on the EU's social dimension under the Juncker Commission. In doing so, it also focuses on the relationship between the legal order of the EU and that of the Council of Europe and the International Labour Organisation.status: publishe