The Value of Demand Response Controllability

Demand response (DR) resources, such as thermostatically controlled loads, are not fully controlled by the system operator and their availability is limited by user-defined comfort constraints. We present an operational model that optimizes power plant scheduling in the presence of stochastic RES-based generation and DR resources (here: residential electric heating systems) that are partially controllable and governed by user-defined comfort constraints. This model is used to evaluate the operating cost savings that can be attained via DR on a model of the Belgian power system.status: publishe