Statische en dynamische spatiale adposities in het Nederlands en het Frans

The form of statically and dynamically used internally localizing adpositions in Dutch (in, op, te, naar) and French (à, dans, en, sur) is contrasted. In their static function we especially find contrasts where the semantic distinction between surface (op / sur 'on') and container (in / dans 'in') is blurred: in French place names, à, dans, en, sur 'at, in, on' indicate differences in categories of location (à Paris, dans le Kent, en France, sur Mars), whereas in Dutch this function is contingent: in refers especially to more humanly integrated places (towns), op rather to isolated (islands) and topographically or socially elevated, public locations (op zolder 'in the attic', op het ministerie 'at the ministry'). Dynamic location means that some entity leaves some place to go to another. We distinguish four types that form a continuum in which at every stage the trajectory becomes more salient. For change of location (without a salient trajectory), both languages use static prepositions (op de tafel leggen / mettre sur la table 'put on the table'). In the three other dynamic functions the trajectory is salient: we distinguish destination with attained goal, destination with expected goal, and direction without intended goal. For destinations, French maintains static prepositions or uses no preposition at all, whilst Dutch deploys different strategies: postpositions for an attained goal, the preposition naar 'to' for an expected goal, compare: entrer dans Paris / Parijs in rijden 'enter Paris', monter l'escalier / de trap op lopen 'go up the stairs' vs. se rendre à Paris I zich naar Parijs begeven 'go to Paris'. For direction as such, we find especially naar or richting 'toward'. Only here does French have different prepositions: vers, (en) direction (de).status: publishe