Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)

Objective:To examine associations between dietary intake of omega-3 (n-3; generally anti-inflammatory) and omega-6 (n-6; generally pro-inflammatory) fatty acids and patient-reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:This study was based on the population-based Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Cohort. Estimates of n-3 and n-6 intake were derived from Diet History Questionnaire II items (DHQ II; past year with portion size version). Patient-reported outcomes included self-reported lupus activity (Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire/SLAQ). Multivariable regression, adjusted for age, sex, race, and body mass index, was used to assess associations between absolute intake of n-3 and n-6, as well as the n-6:n-3 ratio, and patient-reported outcomes.Results:Among 456 SLE cases, 425 (93.2%) were female, 207 (45.4%) were black, and mean age was 52.9\ub112.3 years. Controlling for potential confounders, the average SLAQ score was significantly higher by 0.3 points [(95% CI 0.1, 0.6); p=0.013] with each unit increase of the n-6:n-3 ratio. Both lupus activity and PROMIS-Sleep Disturbance scores were lower with each 1g/1000 Kcal increase of n-3 fatty acids [SLAQ regression coefficient \u3b2= 120.8 (95% CI 121.6, 0.0), p=0.055; PROMIS-Sleep \u3b2= 121.1 (95% CI 122.0, 120.2), p=0.017]. Higher n-3 intakes were non-significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and comorbid fibromyalgia, and higher quality of life, whereas results for the n6:n3 ratio trended in the opposite direction.Conclusion:This population-based study suggests that higher dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids, and lower n-6:n-3 ratios, are favorably associated with patient-reported outcomes in SLE, particularly self-reported lupus activity and sleep quality.UL1RR024986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United StatesK01 ES019909/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States1U01 DP006265/CC/CDC HHS/United StatesRoyal Thai Government Scholarship/K01ES019909/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United StatesP30 ES017885/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United StatesP30ES017885/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United StatesUL1 TR002240/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United StatesP30 DK020572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesU58 CCU522826/CC/CDC HHS/United StatesU01 DP003250/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States1U01 DP003250/CC/CDC HHS/United StatesU01 DP006265/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United StatesU58 DP001441/CC/CDC HHS/United StatesU58 DP001441/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United StatesU01 DP006489/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United StatesUL1 RR024986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States2021-07-01T00:00:00Z31074595PMC6842394792