Concise Review: Fate Determination of Stem Cells by Deubiquitinating Enzymes

Post-translational modification by ubiquitin molecules is a key regulatory process for stem cell fate determination. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are the major cellular processes used to balance the protein turnover of several transcription factors that regulate stem cell differentiation. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which facilitate the processing of ubiquitin, significantly influence stem cell fate choices. Specifically, DUBs play a critical regulatory role during development by directing the production of new specialized cells. This review focuses on the regulatory role of DUBs in various cellular processes, including stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, adult stem cell signaling, cellular reprogramming, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis. Specifically, the identification of interactions of DUBs with core transcription factors has provided new insight into the role of DUBs in regulating stem cell fate determination. Thus, DUBs have emerged as key pharmacologic targets in the search to develop highly specific agents to treat various illnesses.We thank all members of the Suri laboratory for helpful discussions. We regret that we were unable to cite more relevant studies due to space considerations. This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (201500000002885, 2015H1D3A1036065, and 2015R1D1A1A01060907)