Micro-QuEChERS extraction coupled to GC–MS for a fast determination of Bisphenol A in human urine

Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and public concern over BPA exposure has been raised. Several studies have assessed human exposure to this plasticizer, confirming its ubiquitous presence and highlighting children as a public of special concern. A simple, efficient, cheap and green analytical procedure is reported within this paper. This paper reports, for the first time, the development of a modified Micro-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a new strategy for the efficient extraction and determination of Bisphenol A in human urine samples. Several parameters that are known to influence extraction were optimized. Good linearity was achieved at the studied concentration range (1-50μg/L), with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998. The optimized method proved to be accurate (≥74% recovery), reproducible (